How- to load data fast into SQL Server 2. What will be the absolute fastest way to load data from a flatfile into a table within SQL Server 2. A lot has changed since my initial post on this topic many years ago, ike the introduction of In- memory optimized tables and Updateable Columnstore table indexes. Also the list of data transport vehicles to choose from is growing: besides BCP, the T- SQL Bulk Insert command, SSIS as ETL tool and Power. Shell there are some new ones added, like Poly. Base, External R Script or ADF. In this post I will start with the checking how much faster the new durable & non- durable In- memory tables are! For these tests I’m using an Azure DS4_V2 Standard VM with 8 cores/2. GB of RAM and 2 HDD Volumes with host caching R/W enabled.
BizTalk Server 2013 – List of Known Issues and Solutions with Setup and Configuration; BizTalk 2010 – List of Known Issues and Solutions with Setup and Configuration. ![]() ![]() Both Luns provide ~2. MB/sec R/W throughput although the GUI states a limit of 6. MB/sec). I generated a single ~6. Million row/7. 2 Gigabyte TPCH lineitem flat file as data to load. As baseline to for use for comparison we will use the time it takes to load the file into a Heap table: BULK INSERT [LINEITEM_HEAP]. FROM'F: \TPCH\lineitem. WITH. FIELDTERMINATOR = '|'. ROWTERMINATOR = '\n'. This regular Bulk Insert command completes within 7 minutes with an average of 1. K rows/sec. Enabling the test database for Memory optimized tables. The (in SQL2. 01. Enterprise & developer Edition ) introduced in- memory tables are designed for very fast OLTP with many small transactions and high concurrency, which is a completely different type of workload as bulk inserting… but, just out of curiosity…lets give it a try! There are 2 types of in- memory tables: durable and non- durable tables. The durable ones will persist data on disk, the non- durable ones won’t. To enable this option we have to do some housekeeping and assign a fast disk volume for hosting these files. First, alter the database to enable the ‘Contains MEMORY_OPTIMIZED_DATA’ option followed by adding a File location and Filegroup that will contain the Memory- Optimized tables: ALTERDATABASE [Ticket. Reservations]. ADD FILEGROUP [memory_optimized_filegroup_0] CONTAINS MEMORY_OPTIMIZED_DATA. GOALTERDATABASE [Ticket. Reservations]. ADDFILE ( NAME = N'memory_optimized_file'. FILENAME = N'E: \data\memory_optimized_files' ). TO FILEGROUP [memory_optimized_filegroup_0]. GOThe third thing to do is to add a separate memory pool to the SQL Server instance so it can keep all the data we will load into in- memory tables separate from its default memory pool: Binding a database to a memory pool. The steps to define a separate memory pool and to bind a database to it are listed below: Extra memory pools are managed via the SQL Resource Governor. CREATE RESOURCE POOL [Pool. Hk] WITH(. min_cpu_percent=0. AFFINITY SCHEDULER = AUTO. Dynamically change the value of MAX_MEMORY_PERCENT ALTER RESOURCE POOL Pool. Hk. WITH (MAX_MEMORY_PERCENT = 8. RECONFIGURE enables resource governor ALTER RESOURCE GOVERNOR RECONFIGUREALTER RESOURCE GOVERNOR RESET STATISTICSThe 4th and last step is to bind the test database to the new memory Pool with the sys. In order for the binding to become effective we have to take the database offline and bring it back online. Once bound we can dynamically change the amount of memory assigned to its pool via the ‘ALTER RESOURCE POOL Pool. Hk WITH (MAX_MEMORY_PERCENT = 8. BIND the Database to the Poolexec sys. N'Ticket. Reservations', N'Pool. Hk'. - - take DB offline: ALTERDATABASE [Ticket. Reservations] SET OFFLINE. WITHROLLBACKIMMEDIATE- - Bring the Database back Online: ALTERDATABASE [Ticket. Reservations] SET ONLINE. Deleting the Resource Pool: -- sys. N'Ticket. Reservations'- - DROP RESOURCE POOL [Pool. Hk]Bulk Insert into Durable In- Memory table Now we are all set with the In- memory option enabled, we can create an in- memory table. Every memory- optimized table must have at least one index (either a Range- or Hash index ) which are completely (re- )composed in memory and are never stored on disk. A durable table must have a declared primary key, which could then be supported by the required index. To support a primary key I added an extra row_number ROWID1 column to the table: -- -- - Durable table: CREATETABLE [dbo].[LINEITEM_MO_Final]. ROWID1] [bigint] NOTNULL. L_SHIPDATE] [smalldatetime] NOTNULL. L_COMMENT] [varchar](4. COLLATE Latin. 1_General_1. BIN2 NOTNULL. constraint Row. ID_key primarykeynonclustered hash (ROWID1). WITH (bucket_count=1. MEMORY_OPTIMIZED = ON, DURABILITY = SCHEMA_AND_DATA)Specifying a batch size of 1 (up to 5) Million rows to the bulk insert command helps to persist data to disk while the bulk insert is ongoing (instead of saving it all at the end); doing so minimizes memory pressure on the memory pool Pook. HK we created. - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - Bulk insert into Durable Memory Optimized table - -. BULK INSERT [LINEITEM_Memory_Optimized_D]. FROM'F: \TPCH\lineitem_export. WITH. FIELDTERMINATOR = '|'. ROWTERMINATOR = '\n'. Batchsize = 5. 00. The data load into the durable In- Memory table completes in 5 minutes 2. K Rows/sec. That’s an ‘okay’ time but not that much faster than our baseline. Looking at the sys. IMPPROV_IOWAIT’ which occurs when SQL Server waits for a bulk load I/O to finish. Looking at the Performance counter ‘Bulk Copy Rows/sec and Disk Write Bytes/sec shows the flushing to disk spikes of 2. MB/sec once a batch got in (the green spikes). That is the maximum of what the disk can deliver but doesn’t explain it all. Given the minor gain, we will park this one for future investigation. Monitoring the Memory Pool. Via the ‘sys. dm_resource_governor_resource_pools’ dmv can we check if our in- memory table leverages the newly created ‘Pool. HK’ memory Pool: SELECT pool_id. AS Max_memory_MB. AS Used_memory_MB. AS Target_memory_MB. FROM sys. dm_resource_governor_resource_pools The output shows this is the case; the 7. GB (+ some extra for the Rowid) got uncompressed loaded into the memory pool. Hk pool: If you try to load more data than you have memory available to the pool you will get an proper message like this one: The statement has been terminated. Msg 7. 01, Level 1. State 1. 03, Line 5. There is insufficient system memory in resource pool ‘Pook. HK’ to run this query. To look one level deeper at memory space allocation on a per In- memory table basis you can run the following query (taken from the SQL Server In- Memory OLTP Internals for SQL Server 2. USE Ticket. Reservations. SELECT object_name(c. AS table_name. allocated_bytes /1. Mbytes . a. xtp_object_id, a. FROM sys. memory_optimized_tables_internal_attributes a. JOIN sys. dm_db_xtp_memory_consumers c. ON a. object_id = c. LEFTJOIN sys. indexes i ON c. AND c. index_id = i. WHERE c. object_id = object_id('dbo. LINEITEM_Memory_Optimized_D'). ORDERBY allocated_bytes DESCThe data we just loaded is stored as a varheap structure with a hash index: So far so good! Now lets move on and check out how staging in a non- durable table performs! Non- Durable table: if object_id('LINEITEM_Memory_Optimized_ND') isnotnulldrop. TABLE [dbo].[LINEITEM_Memory_Optimized_ND]. CREATETABLE [dbo].[LINEITEM_Memory_Optimized_ND]. L_SHIPDATE] [smalldatetime] NOTNULL. L_ORDERKEY] [bigint] NOTNULL. L_COMMENT] [varchar](4. COLLATE Latin. 1_General_1. BIN2 NOTNULL. ,INDEX [Staging_index]. NONCLUSTERED HASH ([L_SHIPDATE]). WITH ( BUCKET_COUNT = 2. WITH ( MEMORY_OPTIMIZED = ON . DURABILITY = SCHEMA_ONLY )Bulk Insert into Non- Durable In- Memory table. For IMND tables we do not need a Primary key so we just add and Non- clustered Hash index and set DURABILITY = SCHEMA_ONLY. The Bulk insert Data loading into the non- durable table completes within 3 minutes with a throughput of 3. K rows/sec (vs 7 minutes)! This is 2. 3x faster then inserting into a heap table. For the staging of data this definitely a quick win! SSIS Single Bulk Insert into a Non- Durable table. Traditionally SSIS is the fastest way to load a file quickly into SQL Server because SSIS will handle all the data pre- processing so the SQL Server engine can spend its CPU ticks on persisting the data to disk. Will this still be the case when inserting the data into a non- durable table? Below a summary of the tests I ran with SSIS for this post: the SSIS Fastparse option and the ‘Default. Buffer. Max. Rows’ and ‘Default. Buffer. Size’ settings are the main performance boosters. Also the Native OLE DB (SQLOLEDB. SQL Native Client (SQLNCLI1.
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